Attack Angle
Whether the club is moving up or down at impact.
What it is
Attack angle (angle of attack) is the up-or-down direction the club head is travelling at impact, relative to level ground. A negative value means you're hitting down on the ball; a positive value means you're hitting up.
Why it matters
Attack angle strongly influences launch and spin. With a driver, a positive (upward) attack angle can add distance by launching the ball higher with less spin. With irons off the turf, a slightly negative attack angle helps you compress the ball and control it.
How to improve it
For the driver, tee it higher and play the ball forward to encourage hitting up. For irons, ball position and a touch of forward shaft lean promote a clean, slightly descending strike. Avoid trying to scoop or lift the ball with your hands.